What is it called when a smaller symbol represents a larger theme or novel in literature? ?

I am writing an essay and cant remember the word for it…I am discussing how a symbolic item in the novel 1984 is compared to a characters world/overall life situation
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A symbol is a sign = signifier = signified….
technically that is the answer.
symbolism, personification, represents?
Symbolism.
Or, if the object is repeated throughout the novel, it’s often called a “motif.”